Response to "Born Digital"

The description between the generation gap of the digital natives, digital immigrants and digital settlers couldn't have been more true. I spent the whole time reading this article laughing my butt off. I would like to say that I have a fairly decent understanding of how digital media works. My mom on the other hand though couldn't be further opposite. When she got her first smart phone, she affectionately called it her "genius phone" because of its capabilities. And one year, her New Year's Resolution was to create a Facebook page. In May she finally figured out how to get onto the website that is so difficultly named "www.facebook.com" For the new six months, I had to teach and reteach her her password, where the status bar was, and that someones wall was different from a personal message.

My grandpa, on the other hand, learned how to navigate Facebook too quickly. My grandpa has over 2,000 Facebook friends, only knowing about 5% of them personally. For example, I have a cousin (on my other side of the family, mind you) who lives in California. My cousin has a girlfriend who my family has never met, yet Grandpa added her on Facebook the day they became "Facebook Official." ... Yup, he's that guy. He has no sense of boundaries when it comes to Facebook either. Now that he's retired, he spends all day on Facebook, and takes up 98% of most people's newsfeeds by sharing literally every picture he sees,  commenting on them, and posting the exact same status every night (which reads "Great day with My facebook friends, good Night and God Bless.) And yes,  that horrible capitalization is a direct quote. When introducing myself to people around town, I have to constantly answer to the question, "Are you related to Ken LeGreve... you know, the Facebook one?" And my response is always, "I wish I could say no." A vast majority of the people my grandpa adds end up blocking him (and I will admit, I've even blocked my own bloodline as well) because when I tried to simply delete him, he re-added me within 10 minutes. I don't know how he noticed one friend out of 2,000 had disappeared so fast, but it's just too much.

It is so fair to say that different generations interact with digital medias differently. And while some people say that the internet needs to have a minimum age of use, it's probably equally fair to say that there should be a maximum age of use as well ;)

Digital Media Analysis: Is Online Sharing Legal?

     Pinterest is a form of digital media (which I will defend throughout the paper,) and is a new, emerging, and interactive social media outlet. The purpose of Pinterest is to give its users a format to find and share information. The intended use of Pinterest is for items, or “pins,” as they are called, to be shared or “repinned.” In fact, that’s how I came to know about the website. I was sharing interesting links on my Facebook profile when one of my friends introduced me to Pinterest, so I wouldn’t need Facebook as a middle-man to relay the information I found on another site. Pinterest functions by having users import information from an outside source (a newspaper/cooking recipe website/etc.) and then once it’s on Pinterest, the link spreads virally throughout the website internally, but I’ll explain that more in detail later. The main flaw with Pinterest is that while it is a sharing website, it is currently illegal to share information without consent from the owner of the link, which then in part makes the whole website illegal. Pinterest shows how current copyright laws are outdated with new forms of social interaction.

This is what Pinterest looks like:

Pinterest is a lot like a virtual magazine and a lot like an online tack board. Imagine flipping through a magazine, seeing an article that is interesting to you, cutting it out, and “pinning” it to your tack board to someday return to, to find again. Pinterest is a website that hosts a variety of interesting objects, be it pictures, recipes, blog articles, clothes sold on online companies or anything else imaginable. When the user finds something that they find interesting, they click on the item and then the “repin” button and that “pins” that item onto a virtual “board.” A board can be categorized as vaguely or as descriptive as the pinner chooses, much like a magazine cutter could leave her articles scattered on her bedroom floor, or could be categorized into a filing system.

Manovich’s definition of modularity is that it is “The fractal structure of new media… elements are assembled into larger-scale objects but continue to maintain their separate identities,” (Manovich 30). That relates to Pinterest because a user can have a screen of multiple boards, and each board consists of numerous individual pins- a much like several tiny squares fitting into one bigger box, and several boxes fitting into a larger box.

Now, to find items to pin, the user can scroll through a newsfeed of posts that have recently been “repinned” by people who the user chooses to follow - much like the newsfeed of information in Facebook. Or, if the user is looking for something specific, she can click on an organizational button to limit her search. For example, let’s say a Pinner is looking for wedding inspiration, (which is a commonly pinned genre.) She would click on the “Weddings and Events” button and that would bring her to a newsfeed containing every pin within the website that has been pinned to a board that has been labeled as a wedding board.

Pinterest can digitally “read” what genre a board falls under (because of the numeric coding associated with how a Pinner “tags” a post,) and then sorts all boards of the same kind together.  The automation of this process also defines Pinterest as a digital media artifact because the numeric coding of tags and the modular sorting of boards lead to a computerized, completely automatic sorting process (Manovich 32).

So, the items we pin can be from someone we know personally, if found in our newsfeed, or we could repin an item that originated from a complete stranger on the other side of the world. There are numerous ways to find the same link, too. Because once a link has been repinned, it is now on both the user’s board, and also the board from which the user found the link. In essence, the link multiplies with every share. And with every share, the user has the ability to change the caption of the link. So, the link now exists on the website under a different tag as well. Consequently, now a link could be found on several hundred thousand people’s newsfeeds, and potentially under a different tag. Because of this, there becomes an infinite amount of ways to find a pin. Now, Manovich’s idea of digital media variability is expressed, because he says, “A new media object is not something fixed once and for all, but something that can exist in different, potentially infinite ways” (Manovich 36). A pin multiplies every time it is repinned, it does not just exist on Pinterest once, but now each link exists several hundred thousand times, in several hundred thousand individual locations, in potentially several hundred thousand formats. 

Pinning a pin would be pointless if the links were merely pictures and lead to nowhere. Pinterest is not an online cloud of saved .jpg’s.  The point of Pinterest is to link us to other sites. A picture of a piece of pie, when clicked, links you to the website that hosts the recipe for that pie. A picture of a headline of a blog will bring you to the actual blog where the article was posted, for the user to read. A picture might link to a tumblr or flickr site. Or a clothing store could post a picture of a shirt, so when clicked on, the user would be directed back to the store’s website where they could find the shirt to buy. Anything from anywhere on the web can be added to Pinterest, categorized for someone to find and be interested in, and be then linked back to the original host site. It’s almost like a Google search, except you don’t have to know what you’re looking for.  

In fact, it’s almost like the memex that Bush mentions in his article, “As We MayThink.” It’s a way to store tons of digital information in one place, categorized and sorted together, to be referenced when needed.

It’s as though Pinterest is a hyerreality (Baudrillard) of the internet, within the internet. The whole internet (theoretically) is stored within Pinterest, (or at least could be,) and the posts that people pin give an indication of how people want to live their lives. Pinterest has a demographic of upper-middle class white females between the ages of 15-35. So, according to Pinterest, important things in life are hair, makeup and clothing styles, foods to try, popular wedding and home décor trends, and pop culture. Commonly pinned things become viral, and unpopular topics fade off into the hidden corners of the internet, to be rarely seen or pinned again.

Now that we know how Pinterest functions, we can talk about the flaws of its system. The biggest issue with Pinterest has to do with copyrights.

Having the interconnectivity with every person who shares the same interest as us, and every website on the internet, is both a blessing and a curse. While the point of Pinterest is to share information, and people post things onto Pinterest so it can be shared, copyright laws say that Pinterest users technically aren’t allowed to share anything that they don’t have specifically granted permission for. … So, unless you are able to track the link’s origin (which you may or may not be able to do because of the tagging system,) and unless you are granted specific permission from the creator, pinning a post on Pinterest is illegal.

Sometime last year, a stipulation in Pinterest’s legal section said, ““You acknowledge and agree that you are solely responsible for all Member Content that you make available through the Site, Application and Services. Accordingly, you represent and warrant that: (i) you either are the sole and exclusive owner of all Member Content that you make available through the Site, Application and Services or you have all rights, licenses, consents and releases that are necessary to grant to Cold Brew Labs the rights in such Member Content, as contemplated under these Terms; and (ii) neither the Member Content nor your posting, uploading, publication, submission or transmittal of the Member Content or Cold Brew Labs’ use of the Member Content (or any portion thereof) on, through or by means of the Site, Application and the Services will infringe, misappropriate or violate a third party’s patent, copyright, trademark, trade secret, moral rights or other proprietary or intellectual property rights, or rights of publicity or privacy, or result in the violation of any applicable law or regulation.” 

A Pinterest-loving lawyer was one of the first people to find this clause within the website and after that, the questionable legality of Pinterest went viral.

The point of Pinterest is to find and share information, and for that information to then be found again. Information is meant to go viral. Companies and blog writers want their work to be shared as a way of free promotion. But giving each person (potentially millions) granted permission to share the site

According to The Daily Dot, Pinterest workers have since told the Wall Street Journal that this is just merely a case of the law being behind technology, since all major websites need to have a section on copyrights, just to cover their asses in the case that someone tries to pull someone else’s website off as their own. Sharing, spreading, and repining a link to the website, with credit to the rightful owner, is in fact perfectly fine, even if the owner doesn’t express permission for the link to be shared.

There are millions of sharing sites on the internet besides Pinterest. Sites like 9GAG or The Berry or StumbleUpon are sharing sites. Anything with a URL can be linked and shared onto virtually any website. The new wave of social interaction is no longer “Hey, come to my house and look at this link I found!” but rather now, “Hey, look at this link I sent you!”

It all boils down to a question: should media on the internet allowed to be shared and linked? After all, it wouldn’t be published on the internet if the maker didn’t want people to find it, right? And how could a company ever turn down free promotion to its website? Most importantly, if a person isn’t illegally, calling someone else’s work his own, what is the issue with giving the website’s link to someone else?

The ideas of copyrights, sharing and ownership within digital media are all very interesting (albeit confusing,) and Pinterest is a fine example of this. Pinterest, a new and digital media, speaks of the new and ever-changing world we live in. And I bet, copyright laws soon will be changing to match the viral, share-able virtual world we live in.

Works Cited

Bush, Vannevar. "As We May Think." Atlantic Magazine . 07 1945: Web. 26 Sep. 2012. <http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1945/07/as-we-may-think/303881/>.

Baudrillard, Jean. “Simularca and Simulations.” Selected Writings. Stanford University Press, (1998):  166-184.

Kowalski, Kristen. "Why I Tearfully Deleted My Pinterest Inspiration Boards." DDK Portaits. ddkportaits.com, 24 02 2012. Web. Web. 25 Sep. 2012. <http://ddkportraits.com/2012/02/why-i-tearfully-deleted-my-pinterest-inspiration-boards/>.

Manovich, Lev. "What is New Media?." Language of New Media. (2002): 19-63.

Orsini, Lauren Rae. "Pinterest Addresses Copyright Concerns." Daily Dot. (2012): n. page. Web. 25 Sep. 2012. <http://www.dailydot.com/business/pinterest-copyright-infringementlegality-statement/>.

"Pinterest/Copyright and Trademark." Pinterest. Pinterest, 06 04 12. Web. 25 Sep 2012. <http://pinterest.com/about/copyright/>.